Retina is the inner most layer of the eye. A healthy retina is necessary to transfer the image formed by the eye to the brain. It can be affected by various diseases. The most common of them are:
Retinal Detachment
Diabetic Retinopathy
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Retinal Pigmentosa
Retinoblastoma
Retinal Detachment
It is a separation between the neurosensory retina and the pigment epithelium layer of retina.
Symptoms
Sudden onset of flashes
Floaters (multiple black spots or cobweb like floating objects in front of the affected eye).
Shadow in front of eye,
Curtain like thing in front of eye,
Decreased vision or total obscuration of vision.
Diagnosis
Done by Eye Surgeon after full examination of eye by various equipments :
Ophthalmoscopy
B Scan
OCT
Treatment
Laser therapy
Cryotherapy
Surgical
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a disorder of retinal blood vessels resulting from diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the retinal blood vessels are affected causing insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients needed by the retina to remain healthy. There are bleeding spots and deposits of fatty material with swelling of the retina. Thus the retina is unable to transmit visual messages to the brain resulting in low vision or blindness.
Symptoms
Diabetic Retinopathy is a silent vision stealer. In early stage, there is hardly any symptom. Hence a diabetic
must strictly get his eye exam done every year. If detected early, vision loss can be prevented.
Warning symptoms are
Blurred, double or distorted vision or difficulty reading.
Floaters or spots in your vision.
Partial or total loss of vision or a shadow or veil across your field of vision.
Diagnosis
Retinal Examination
Fundus Fluoroscein Angiography (FFA)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Treatment
Laser Photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
Intra Vitreal Injection
Age Related Macular Degeneration
Age related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is a disease that causes progressive degeneration of the macula. The Macula is the central part of the retina that is responsible for your central vision, allowing you to see fine details clearly.
Classification
Dry Type
Wet Type
Symptoms
Straight lines look distorted, especially at the centre of vision
Colors look dim
A dark or empty area appears in the centre of vision
