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Squint Surgeries

Squint (Strabismus)

Strabismus, also known as crossed or turned eye, is the medical term used when the two eyes are not straight. It occurs in approximately 2 to 4 percent of the population.

Squint is the common name for 'strabismus' which is the medical term used to describe eyes that are not pointing in the same direction.
Squinting of eyes may occur occasionally or may be present throughout the day. It may appear in only one eye or may alternate between the two eyes. squint can occur for a number of reasons:

	Refractive (focusing) abnormality	Eye muscle imbalance
	Injury	Rarely, it can be due to other diseases or illness.
Squint can become obvious after chronic illness and it can also run in families.

Types of squint

Convergent squint also known as esotropia, where one eye is turned in towards the nose. This is the

most common form of squint seen usually in children.

Divergent squint also known as exotropia, where one eye turns out away from the centre of the face.

Vertical Squint - The eyes are out of alignment vertically.

Squint is relatively common in children, and 2-3% of the population has squint. Treatment is advisable as soon as possible.

In order to focus both eyes on an object all the eye muscles of each eye must be balanced and work together. When one eye turns, that eye is not focused properly which can lead to a deterioration of vision in the squinting eye.

Some babies may appear to have a squint that is not a true squint. It is called 'epicanthus' and is caused by folds of skin on a wide nose. Epicanthus does not exclude the possibility of a squint being present and so you should always seek an expert opinion.

Symptoms

	Turned or Crossed eye.		Squinting.
	Head Tilting or Turning.		Double vision (in some cases).

Diagnosis

	It is possible to examine a child of any age for squint and determine whether the eyes are properly focused. If you are not sure whether your child's eyes are straight, consult your family doctor, who may advise referring the child to an ophthalmologist. The Ophthalmologist may use special tests, such as prism testing, to evaluate the alignment of the eyes.

	What happens to the sight in eyes with squint?
	Defective Binocular Vision - The eyes need to be straight for fusion in the brain of the Images of the two
	eyes. This gives accurate vision and stereo sis, or 3-D vision; 3-D Vision is used to judge depth.
	Reduction of vision in turned Eye (Amblyopia)

	A reduction of vision may occur in one eye in squint, especially under certain Circumstances, such as late treatment. One such circumstance is if a child born with straight Eyes, but one eye turns in around age two. If this condition is not treated urgently, vision may Be reduced to partial sight (legal blindness) in the turned eye. If treatment is begun immediately, However, perfect vision can often be restored.

Treatment

The aim of treatment is to restore good vision to each eye and good binocular vision. Treatment usually includes patching the eye that is always straight to bring the vision up to normal in the turned eye. Glasses may be used`, particularly for eyes that are out of focus. Glasses and special drops (phospholine iodide) may also help straighten the eyes. Surgery on the eye muscles is sometimes necessary.

It is necessary to diagnose squint as soon as possible and to treat it appropriately to prevent, development

of Amblyopia.

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